Compare Christmas Island (2007) - Macau (2007)

Compare Christmas Island (2007) z Macau (2007)

	Christmas Island (2007)	Macau (2007)

Administrative divisions	none (territory of Australia)	none (special administrative region of China)
Age structure	0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA	0-14 years: 15.4% (male 36,413/female 33,981) 15-64 years: 76.6% (male 166,797/female 183,088) 65 years and over: 8% (male 15,541/female 21,169) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products	NA	only 2% of land area is cultivated, mainly by vegetable growers; fishing, mostly for crustaceans, is important; some of the catch is exported to Hong Kong
Airports	1 (2007)	1 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007)	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2007)
Area	total: 135 sq km land: 135 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 28.2 sq km land: 28.2 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	about three-quarters the size of Washington, DC	less than one-sixth the size of Washington, DC
Background	Named in 1643 for the day of its discovery, the island was annexed and settlement began by the UK in 1888. Phosphate mining began in the 1890s. The UK transferred sovereignty to Australia in 1958. Almost two-thirds of the island has been declared a national park.	Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 20 December 1999. China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practiced in Macau, and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs for the next 50 years.
Birth rate	NA	8.57 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget	revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA	revenues: $3.16 billion expenditures: $3.16 billion (FY05/06)
Capital	name: The Settlement geographic coordinates: 10 25 S, 105 43 E time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)	-
Climate	tropical with a wet season (December to April) and dry season; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds	subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers
Coastline	138.9 km	41 km
Constitution	Christmas Island Act of 1958-59 (1 October 1958) as amended by the Territories Law Reform Act of 1992	Basic Law, approved on 31 March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution"
Country name	conventional long form: Territory of Christmas Island conventional short form: Christmas Island	conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region conventional short form: Macau local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese) local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese)
Death rate	NA	4.59 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external	-	$3.1 billion (2004)
Dependency status	non-self governing territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services	special administrative region of China
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (territory of Australia)	the US has no offices in Macau; US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (territory of Australia)	none (special administrative region of China)
Disputes - international	none	none
Economic aid - recipient	$NA	$NA (2004)
Economy - overview	Phosphate mining had been the only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian Government closed the mine. In 1991, the mine was reopened. With the support of the government, a $34 million casino opened in 1993, but closed in 1998. The Australian Government in 2001 agreed to support the creation of a commercial space-launching site on the island, expected to begin operations in the near future.	Macau's well-to-do economy has remained one of the most open in the world since its reversion to China in 1999. Apparel exports and tourism are mainstays of the economy. Although the territory was hit hard by the 1997-98 Asian financial crisis and the global downturn in 2001, its economy grew 10.1% in 2002, 14.2% in 2003, and 28.6% in 2004 before slowing to 6.7% in 2005. The economic boom was powered by gambling, tourism, and the construction necessary to support such endeavors. China's decision to ease travel restrictions led to a rapid rise in the number of mainland visitors. The opening of Macau's gaming industry to foreign access in 2001 spurred an increase in public works expenditures. The budget also returned to surplus in 2002 because of the surge in visitors from China and a hike in taxes on gambling profits, which generated about 70% of government revenue. Much of Macau's textile industry may move to the mainland due to the termination in 2005 of the Multi-Fiber Agreement, which provided a near guarantee of export markets, leaving the territory more dependent on gambling and trade-related services to generate growth. The Closer Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) between Macau and mainland China that came into effect on 1 January 2004 offers many Macau-made products tariff-free access to the mainland. The range of products covered by CEPA was expanded on 1 January 2005.
Electricity - consumption	-	2.16 billion kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports	-	0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports	-	341 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - production	-	1.947 billion kWh (2005)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Murray Hill 361 m	lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Coloane Alto 172.4 m
Environment - current issues	loss of rainforest; impact of phosphate mining	NA
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Marine Dumping (associate member), Ship Pollution (associate member)
Ethnic groups	Chinese 70%, European 20%, Malay 10% note: no indigenous population (2001)	Chinese 95.7%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry) 1%, other 3.3% (2001 census)
Exchange rates	Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.3285 (2006), 1.3095 (2005), 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002)	patacas per US dollar - 8.0015 (2006), 8.011 (2005), 8.022 (2004), 8.021 (2003), 8.033 (2002)
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by the Australian governor general head of government: Administrator Neil LUCAS (since 30 January 2006) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia	chief of state: President of China HU Jintao (since 15 March 2003) head of government: Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20 December 1999) cabinet: Executive Council consists of one government secretary, three legislators, four businessmen, one pro-Beijing unionist, and one pro-Beijing educator elections: chief executive chosen by a 300-member Election Committee for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 29 August 2004 (next to be held in 2009) election results: Edmund HO Hau-wah reelected received 296 votes; three members submitted blank ballots; one member was absent
Exports	$NA	21 bbl/day (2005)
Exports - commodities	phosphate	clothing, textiles, footwear, toys, electronics, machinery and parts
Exports - partners	Australia, NZ (2006)	US 44.1%, China 14.8%, Hong Kong 11.3%, Germany 7.3%, UK 4.1% (2006)
Fiscal year	1 July - 30 June	calendar year
Flag description	territorial flag; divided diagonally from upper hoist to lower fly; the upper triangle is green with a yellow image of the Golden Bosun Bird superimposed, while the lower triangle is blue with the Southern Cross constellation, representing Australia, superimposed; a centered yellow disk displays a green map of the island; the flag of Australia is used for official purposes	light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: 0.1% industry: 7.2% services: 92.7% (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	-	6.7% (2005)
Geographic coordinates	10 30 S, 105 40 E	22 10 N, 113 33 E
Geography - note	located along major sea lanes of Indian Ocean	essentially urban; an area of land reclaimed from the sea measuring 5.2 sq km and known as Cotai now connects the islands of Coloane and Taipa; the island area is connected to the mainland peninsula by three bridges
Heliports	-	1 (2007)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	-	transshipment point for drugs going into mainland China; consumer of opiates and amphetamines
Imports	$NA	12,840 bbl/day (2005)
Imports - commodities	consumer goods	raw materials and semi-manufactured goods, consumer goods (foodstuffs, beverages, tobacco), capital goods, mineral fuels and oils
Imports - partners	principally Australia (2006)	China 45.2%, Hong Kong 10.2%, Japan 8.4%, US 5.5%, Singapore 4.1%, France 4% (2006)
Independence	none (territory of Australia)	none (special administrative region of China)
Industrial production growth rate	-	NA%
Industries	tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion)	tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys
Infant mortality rate	total: NA male: NA female: NA	total: 4.33 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.51 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.13 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	4.4% (2005)
International organization participation	none	IHO, IMF, IMO (associate), ISO (correspondent), UNESCO (associate), UNWTO (associate), UPU, WCO, WMO, WTO
Irrigated land	NA	NA
Judicial branch	Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court	Court of Final Appeal in Macau Special Administrative Region
Labor force	NA	248,000 (2005)
Labor force - by occupation	-	manufacturing 13.7%, construction 10.5%, transport and communications 5.9%, wholesale and retail trade 14.6%, restaurants and hotels 10.3%, gambling 17.9%, public sector 7.8%, other services and agriculture 19.3% (2005 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 0.34 km regional border: China 0.34 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (mainly tropical rainforest; 63% of the island is a national park) (2005)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)
Languages	English (official), Chinese, Malay	Cantonese 87.9%, Hokkien 4.4%, Mandarin 1.6%, other Chinese dialects 3.1%, other 3% (2001 census)
Legal system	under the authority of the governor general of Australia and Australian law	based on Portuguese civil law system
Legislative branch	unicameral Christmas Island Shire Council (9 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: held every two years with half the members standing for election; last held 20 October 2007 (next to be held in 2009) election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 9	unicameral Legislative Assembly (29 seats; 12 members elected by popular vote, 10 by indirect vote, and 7 appointed by the chief executive; to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 25 September 2005 (next in September 2009) election results: percent of vote - New Democratic Macau Association 18.8%, Macau United Citizens' Association 16.6%, Union for Development 13.3%, Union for Promoting Progress 9.6%, Macau Development Alliance 9.3%, others 32.4%; seats by political group - New Democratic Macau Association 2, Macau United Citizens' Association 2, Union for Development 2, Union for Promoting Progress 2, Macau Development Alliance 1, others 3; 10 seats filled by professional and business groups; seven members appointed by chief executive
Life expectancy at birth	total population: NA male: NA female: NA	total population: 82.27 years male: 79.44 years female: 85.25 years (2007 est.)
Literacy	NA	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 91.3% male: 95.3% female: 87.8% (2001 census)
Location	Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia	Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China
Map references	Southeast Asia	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm	not specified
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of Australia	defense is the responsibility of China
Military branches	-	no regular military forces
National holiday	Australia Day, 26 January (1788)	National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day
Nationality	noun: Christmas Islander(s) adjective: Christmas Island	noun: Chinese adjective: Chinese
Natural hazards	the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard	typhoons
Natural resources	phosphate, beaches	NEGL
Net migration rate	NA	4.42 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Political parties and leaders	none	Civil Service Union [Jose Maria Pereira COUTINHO]; Development Union [KWAN Tsui-hang]; Macau Development Alliance [Angela LEONG On-kei]; Macau United Citizens' Association [CHAN Meng-kam]; New Democratic Macau Association [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong]; United Forces
Political pressure groups and leaders	none	NA
Population	1,402 (July 2006 est.) (July 2007 est.)	456,989 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line	-	NA%
Population growth rate	0% (2007 est.)	0.841% (2007 est.)
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (2006)	AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Religions	Buddhist 36%, Muslim 25%, Christian 18%, other 21% (1997)	Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.)
Sex ratio	NA	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.072 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.911 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.734 male(s)/female total population: 0.918 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage	-	direct election 18 years of age, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies
Telephone system	general assessment: service provided by the Australian network domestic: GSM mobile telephone service replaced older analog system in February 2005 international: country code - 61-8; satellite earth stations - 1 INTELSAT earth station provides telephone and telex service (2005)	general assessment: fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services domestic: NA international: country code - 853; HF radiotelephone communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	NA	176,700 (2006)
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	636,300 (2006)
Television broadcast stations	0 (TV broadcasts received via satellite from mainland Australia) (2006)	1 (2006)
Terrain	steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau	generally flat
Total fertility rate	NA	1.03 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate	-	4.1% (2005)

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